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Chinese Martial Arts

Kung Fu, Tai Chi, Wushu — thousands of years of tradition.

21 articles

Chang Chan Kuei (1859–1940), master of Xingyiquan and Baguazhang, historical portrait

China ·Early 19th century

Baguazhang — The Eight Trigram Palms

Baguazhang is the circular internal Chinese martial art — founded by Dong Haichuan, built on eight trigrams and the continuous practice of walking the circle.

baguazhang china internal-martial-arts
Portrait of the bajiquan master Li Shuwen, after an original from before 1912

China ·16th–18th century

Bajiquan — The Eight Extremities of Explosive Combat

Bajiquan is a Chinese martial art from Hebei, renowned for explosive elbow and shoulder strikes in close range — for centuries the preferred style of imperial bodyguards.

bajiquan china kung-fu

China (Huizhou, Guangdong) ·In its present form from the early 20th century

Bak Mei — the Style Named After the Traitor

Bak Mei carries the name of the monk who, in the legend, betrayed Shaolin. The documented style begins with one man: Cheung Lai Chuen (1882–1964).

bak mei pak mei white eyebrow
A man performing a side somersault (cekongfan), a jumping element of competitive wushu

China ·Traditional styles since the Ming and Qing periods; competition form from 1958/1960

Changquan — the Long Fist and the Competition Style That Carries Its Name

Changquan denotes two different things: a northern Chinese family of styles and a competition style standardised from 1960. The two are constantly confused.

changquan long fist wushu

China ·As a term by the Ming period at the latest; earlier traces older still

Chin Na — Seizing and Controlling

Chin Na is not a martial art of its own but a category of technique — the seizing, locking and controlling embedded in nearly every Chinese system.

chin na qinna china

China (Guangdong) ·1836

Choy Li Fut — The Wide Fist of the South

Choy Li Fut joins southern Chinese arm technique to northern footwork — founded in 1836 by Chan Heung and named after his three teachers.

choy li fut china canton
Block print from the Bubishi, the manuscript that travelled from Fujian to Okinawa; draughtsman and copy unknown

China (Fujian province, especially Fuzhou and Yongchun) ·A Qing-era family of styles; the transmission to Okinawa is documented by name from the 19th century

Fujian Kung Fu — not an art but a port province

Not a style but a coastal province with a family of them. Two articles here name it as a parent art — this is what that means.

fujian bai he quan white crane
The Wong Fei-hung Memorial Hall in Foshan, Guangdong

China (Guangdong) ·18th c. (legendary); documented transmission from the 19th c.

Hung Gar — Tiger and Crane

Hung Gar is the best-known southern Chinese boxing style — deep stances, hard bridge work, and the union of tiger and crane.

hung gar china canton
A Shaolin kung fu performance troupe during a display in China, 2014

China ·Pre-2000 BCE (historical); 5th century CE (Shaolin)

Kung Fu and Wushu — The Martial Arts of China

Kung Fu is the umbrella term for over 400 Chinese martial arts — from Shaolin to Wing Chun to Tai Chi, unified by Qi cultivation, Daoist philosophy and relentless practice.

kung-fu wushu china

China ·Attributed to the Song period; public teaching from the late 1920s

Liuhebafa — the Fourth Internal Style and Its Water Image

Liuhebafa counts as the fourth internal style and is also called water boxing. It is documented from Wu Yihui, who taught it publicly in the 1930s.

liuhebafa water boxing neijia

China (south of the Yangtze) ·Traditional styles since the Qing period; competition form from 1960

Nanquan — the Southern Fist and What "Southern Fist, Northern Leg" Is Worth

Nanquan means a southern Chinese family of styles and a competition style from 1960 — plus kung fu's best-known maxim, and what it is actually worth.

nanquan southern fist wushu
Reconstruction of the Daoyintu, the exercise chart from Mawangdui tomb 3, sealed in 168 BCE — figures in various postures

China ·Exercises documented from the 2nd century BCE; the term from the 1950s

Qigong — Ancient Exercises Under a Name From 1950

The exercises are two thousand years old and documented by a silk painting from 168 BCE. The name dates from 1950 and was made for administration.

qigong daoyin tuna
The forest of steles at the Shaolin monastery in Dengfeng, Henan — inscribed stone tablets in rows

China (Songshan, Henan province) ·Monastery from 495; martial evidence from the 16th century

Shaolin Kung Fu — the Staff Is Documented, the Empty Hand Is Not

The oldest authentic Shaolin manual, from 1610, is about the staff. Boxing came later — and explicitly on the model of the staff.

shaolin songshan henan
Wrestling soldiers of the Qing dynasty, historical depiction

China ·Precursors (jiao di) in antiquity; modern form from 1928

Shuai Jiao — Chinese Wrestling

Shuai Jiao is China's wrestling tradition — throws from the jacket grip, decided standing, and one of the four base categories of Chinese martial arts.

shuai jiao china wrestling
Yang Chengfu demonstrating the Single Whip (danbian) posture, historical photograph

China ·17th century (Chen Village, Henan); flourished in the 19th century

Taijiquan — The Supreme Ultimate Fist

Taijiquan is the soft, flowing internal Chinese martial art — world-famous as Tai Chi, founded in Chen Village, deeply rooted in Taoism and traditional Chinese medicine.

taijiquan tai-chi china
Statue of Wang Lang, legendary founder of Tanglangquan, at Lao Shan

China ·Late Ming / early Qing dynasty (17th century), Shandong Province

Tanglangquan — The Praying Mantis Style

Tanglangquan is the northern Chinese Praying Mantis style — born from observing an insect, built on lightning-fast hooking techniques and monkey footwork.

tanglangquan china kung-fu
Upper part of a wooden Wing Chun training dummy: a dark round trunk with two upper arms and one lower, bound at two points with pale rope and mounted in a wooden frame

China ·Qing dynasty (18th century), Guangdong Province; modern spread from 1949

Wing Chun — The Martial Art of the Straight Line

Wing Chun is the southern Chinese martial art of the direct line — developed by a nun for a woman, brought to world prominence by Ip Man, immortalized by Bruce Lee.

wing-chun china southern-chinese
A temple building in the Wudang Mountains, Hubei province, China

China (Wudang Mountains, Hubei province) ·A Daoist centre since the Middle Ages; martial arts attribution from 1669

Wudang — a Mountain Range, a Category and a Text From 1669

Wudang is not a style but a mountain range and a category. The split into internal and external martial arts can be dated to a single year: 1669.

wudang neijia internal styles
Sun Lutang in the San Ti Shi stance, an illustration from one of his books

China ·Late Ming / early Qing dynasty (17th century)

Xingyiquan — Form and Intention as a Combat Principle

Xingyiquan is the oldest of the three internal Chinese martial arts — built on five elements and twelve animal forms, simultaneously direct, explosive, and internally rooted.

xingyiquan china internal-martial-arts
Eagle Claw master Chan Tzi Ching demonstrating a gripping technique

China ·Legendary origin: Song dynasty; historically documented: Qing dynasty (19th century)

Ying Zhao Quan — The Eagle Claw Fist

Ying Zhao Quan is the Chinese Eagle Claw style — renowned for its 108 grappling techniques, precise pressure point attacks, and complete Chin Na control grappling system.

ying-zhao-quan china eagle-claw
Depiction of the Eight Immortals, namesakes of the Zui Quan forms

China ·Ming dynasty (1368–1644) first literary mention; origins possibly older

Zui Quan — The Drunken Fist

Zui Quan is the staggering, unpredictable style of the Drunken Fist — one of China's oldest combat styles, inspired by the Eight Taoist Immortals, made famous by Jackie Chan.

zui-quan china kung-fu
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